In most applications, turbulent flow is present in the application.
For example, if a 25mm ID tube is used, if you connect a 50cm straight tube at the upstream and downstream of the flow meter, you can expect a laminar flow. Laminar flow can be, in general, achieved by providing a 20x the internal diameter of the tube used straight tube length in upstream and downstream flow. Turbulence, also known as turbulent flow, is a fluid motion characterized by chaotic variations in pressure and flow rate in fluid mechanics. The fluid continues to flow without lateral mixing at low velocities, and neighboring layers float past each other like playing cards. Laminar flow is described as fluid particles following smooth paths in layers, with each layer flowing smoothly past the adjacent layers with little to no mixing in fluid dynamics. Velocity profiles – Laminar & turbulent flow Using the same example as above, if the density was 998 kg/m 3 then the volumetric flow rate of 282.74 l/min would be equivalent to a mass flow rate of 4.703 kg/s. Similarly, volumetric flow rate can be converted to mass flow rate if the density of the gas measured is known.įrom the two equations above it can be derived that: Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) = Flow Velocity (V) × Cross-sectional Area (A)įor example, if a gas had velocity (V) 15 m/s and was traveling through a pipe of 20mm inner diameter then the volumetric Flow Rate (Q) would be 0.004712 m 3/s which is equal to 282.74 l/min. You can calculate the volumetric flow rate by using the equation shown below: Please refer to the respective flow meter datasheet for detailed information and specifications. Volumetric flow rate is the volume of fluid which passes per unit of time.įlow meter technologies such as differential pressure, magnetic, thermal, turbine, ultrasonic and vortex all measure flow rate as a function of fluid velocity.
In this article, we are going to examine the most common ways of calculating and converting air velocity to flow rate.Ĭonverting velocity to volumetric flow rate
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